Hindi Language

Hindi Language

Hindi: - Geographic distribution : Souts Asia - Genetic Classification : Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-ryan Hindi - Sub Division : Western Hindi Eastern Hindi Bihari Pahari Rajasthani As defined by the 1991 Indian census, Hindi covers a number of central, east-central, and northern zone language, including the Bihari langiages, the Rajasthani languages, and the Pahari languages exepting Dogri an Nepali. Hindi in yhe narrow sense one of the official languages of India is a standardized register of one of the Central Zone dialect variously called Khariboli, Hindustani, or Urdu. Demographics The Hindi languages predominate in the India States and union teritories of Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh nd Uttarakhand. Distinctive non-standars varieties of Hindi spoken in large, urban ares outside of Hindi belt. * Number of speaker* According to the 1991 census of India (wich encompasses all the dialects of Hindi, including thoe that might be considered separated languages by some linguist-R.G.,Bhojpuri), Hindi is the mother tongue of about 337 million Indians, or about 40% oh India's population that year. According to Comrie (1998 data), Hindi is the second most spoken language in the world, with 333 million native speakers : Central Zone : western Hindi ( west central zone) = 180M: Khariboli (standard Hindi + Urdu ) eastern Hindi ( east cental zone) Bihari (eastern zone) Pahari (7M) : Northern zone : 3.1M : Garhwali, spoken in Garhwali region of Uttarakhand Kulu Pahari Patwari, spoken in the Pothohar Plateu, Pakistan, Mirpuri.

Dialect

1. Western Hindi (of which Saurasen in the immediate precursor) - Bundelkhandi, spoken in west central Madhya Pradesh - Kannauji, spoken in west central Uttar Pradesh It is form the basis of the standard registers of modern standard Hindi and Urdu. 2. Eastern Hindi (of which Ardhamagadhi is the immediate precursor) - Awadhi, spoken in north and north-central Uttar Pradesh - Bagheli, spoken in north central Madhya Pradesh nd central Uttar Pradesh - Chattishgarhi, spoken in southeast Madhya Pradesh and northern and central Chattigarh

Non-Hindi region in the Indian Subcontinent:

• Urdu is the official language of Pakistan, and is spoken by 7% of the population
• Bambaiya Hindi, the dialect of the city of Bombay (Mumbai), it is based on Khariboli dialect, but heavily influence by Marathi and Gujarati
• Dakhni - a form of Urdu sopken in Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh.
• Kalkatiya Hindi, another Khariboli-based pidgin sopken in the city of Calcutta (Kolkata), Shillong, ect, heavily influence by Bhojpuri and Bengali.
• Arunachal Hindi, is a regional dialect and is an amalmagation of Hindi and the varioustribal dialects of the state Arunachal Preadesh.

Outside the Indian subcontinent

• Mauritian Hindi, spoken in Maritius, based on Bhojpuri and influenced by French
• Fiji Hindi, derived form of Awadhi, Bhojpuri and including many English and Native Fijian words, is spoken by Fijians of Indian descent.
• Trinidad Hindi, based on Bhojpuri and spoken in Trinidad and Tobigo by people of Indian descent.
• Soth African Hindi, based on Bhojpuri, and spoken in South Africa by people of India descent.